Vienna–Chicago: The cultural transformation of the model system of the un‐opposed molar
Identifieur interne : 006847 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 006846; suivant : 006848Vienna–Chicago: The cultural transformation of the model system of the un‐opposed molar
Auteurs : Xianghong Luan [États-Unis] ; Thomas G. H. Diekwisch [États-Unis]Source :
- BioEssays [ 0265-9247 ] ; 2007-08.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Biologie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adaptive responses, Alveolar bone, Alveolar bone formation, American orthodontics, Anatomy tradition, Ancestral phenotype, Angle orthod, Angle orthodontist, Angle school, Axial movement, Bernard schneider, Bioessays, Biological basis, Biological mechanisms, Biological model, Biology, Bone growth, Central role, Century debate, Century science philosophy, Century vienna, Condylar growth, Continuous eruption, Continuous evolution, Continuous tooth eruption, Cultural context, Dent, Dental education, Dental occlusion, Dental schools, Dentition, Determinism, Developmental plasticity, Distal direction, Distal drift, Dtsch mschr, Einige beitra nordisk tandlakare tidskrift, Environmental factors, Environmental influences, Eruption, Evolutionary theory, Experimental studies, First molar, First molars, Functional adaptation, Genetic determinism, Genus doras, Gottlieb, Graduate students, Heredity, Hermann becks, Hist chicago, Intellectual heritage, Isaac schour, Janich, Julia meyer, Keen interest, Kulturalistische wende, Lake michigan, Lower molars, Masticatory apparatus, Mechanical displacement, Mechanical surgery, Mesial, Model system, Model systems, Modern counterpart, Molar, Molar model, Molar model system, Molar teeth, Occlusal, Occlusal surfaces, Occlusion, Oral biologists, Oral biology, Oral cavity, Oral deformities, Orthod, Orthodontic tooth movement, Orthogenesis, Otto aichel, Paul kammerer, Periodontal, Periodontal ligament, Personal communication, Phenotype, Philosophical questions, Philosophy figure, Physiological fact, Root canal treatment, Root cementum, Schneider, Scientific history, Scientific questions, Sicher, Skeletal biology, Skeletal growth, Skeletal system, Skeleton, Talpa europaeus, Teeth drift, Thomas diekwisch, Tissue changes, Tissue regeneration, Tooth, Tooth crown, Tooth drift, Tooth eruption, Tooth form, Tooth movement, Tooth position, Tooth root, Unopposed molar model, Unopposed molar model system, Vienna group, Vienna school, Vienna times, Viennese, Viennese emigres, Weinmann, Wiley periodicals, Young student, Zool series.
- Teeft :
- Adaptive responses, Alveolar bone, Alveolar bone formation, American orthodontics, Anatomy tradition, Ancestral phenotype, Angle orthod, Angle orthodontist, Angle school, Axial movement, Bernard schneider, Bioessays, Biological basis, Biological mechanisms, Biological model, Biology, Bone growth, Central role, Century debate, Century science philosophy, Century vienna, Condylar growth, Continuous eruption, Continuous evolution, Continuous tooth eruption, Cultural context, Dent, Dental education, Dental occlusion, Dental schools, Dentition, Determinism, Developmental plasticity, Distal direction, Distal drift, Dtsch mschr, Einige beitra nordisk tandlakare tidskrift, Environmental factors, Environmental influences, Eruption, Evolutionary theory, Experimental studies, First molar, First molars, Functional adaptation, Genetic determinism, Genus doras, Gottlieb, Graduate students, Heredity, Hermann becks, Hist chicago, Intellectual heritage, Isaac schour, Janich, Julia meyer, Keen interest, Kulturalistische wende, Lake michigan, Lower molars, Masticatory apparatus, Mechanical displacement, Mechanical surgery, Mesial, Model system, Model systems, Modern counterpart, Molar, Molar model, Molar model system, Molar teeth, Occlusal, Occlusal surfaces, Occlusion, Oral biologists, Oral biology, Oral cavity, Oral deformities, Orthod, Orthodontic tooth movement, Orthogenesis, Otto aichel, Paul kammerer, Periodontal, Periodontal ligament, Personal communication, Phenotype, Philosophical questions, Philosophy figure, Physiological fact, Root canal treatment, Root cementum, Schneider, Scientific history, Scientific questions, Sicher, Skeletal biology, Skeletal growth, Skeletal system, Skeleton, Talpa europaeus, Teeth drift, Thomas diekwisch, Tissue changes, Tissue regeneration, Tooth, Tooth crown, Tooth drift, Tooth eruption, Tooth form, Tooth movement, Tooth position, Tooth root, Unopposed molar model, Unopposed molar model system, Vienna group, Vienna school, Vienna times, Viennese, Viennese emigres, Weinmann, Wiley periodicals, Young student, Zool series.
Abstract
The discussion over the roles of genes and environment on the phenotypical specification of organisms has held a central role in science philosophy since the late 19th century and has re‐emerged in today's debate over genetic determinism and developmental plasticity. In fin‐de‐siecle Vienna, this debate coincided with a philosophical debate over empiricism/materialism versus idealism/vitalism. Turn‐of‐the‐century Vienna's highly interdisciplinary environment was also the birthplace for the model system of the un‐opposed molar. The un‐opposed molar system features new tissue formation at the roots of teeth and tooth drift once opposing teeth are lost. The un‐opposed molar model system was revived by a group of Viennese scientists who left Vienna during the Nazi period to address Vienna's questions about evolution and heredity and about genes and environment in Chicago's post‐WWII scientific exile community. Here we are using the colorful history of the un‐opposed molar to investigate the role of culture and method in the scientific evolution of a model system. BioEssays 29:819–830, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Url:
- https://api.istex.fr/document/2A076A912D3D317CE9EAEEAA7D2ACF7974D92727/fulltext/pdf
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2737818
DOI: 10.1002/bies.20608
Affiliations:
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adaptive responses</term>
<term>Alveolar bone</term>
<term>Alveolar bone formation</term>
<term>American orthodontics</term>
<term>Anatomy tradition</term>
<term>Ancestral phenotype</term>
<term>Angle orthod</term>
<term>Angle orthodontist</term>
<term>Angle school</term>
<term>Axial movement</term>
<term>Bernard schneider</term>
<term>Bioessays</term>
<term>Biological basis</term>
<term>Biological mechanisms</term>
<term>Biological model</term>
<term>Biology</term>
<term>Bone growth</term>
<term>Central role</term>
<term>Century debate</term>
<term>Century science philosophy</term>
<term>Century vienna</term>
<term>Condylar growth</term>
<term>Continuous eruption</term>
<term>Continuous evolution</term>
<term>Continuous tooth eruption</term>
<term>Cultural context</term>
<term>Dent</term>
<term>Dental education</term>
<term>Dental occlusion</term>
<term>Dental schools</term>
<term>Dentition</term>
<term>Determinism</term>
<term>Developmental plasticity</term>
<term>Distal direction</term>
<term>Distal drift</term>
<term>Dtsch mschr</term>
<term>Einige beitra nordisk tandlakare tidskrift</term>
<term>Environmental factors</term>
<term>Environmental influences</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>Evolutionary theory</term>
<term>Experimental studies</term>
<term>First molar</term>
<term>First molars</term>
<term>Functional adaptation</term>
<term>Genetic determinism</term>
<term>Genus doras</term>
<term>Gottlieb</term>
<term>Graduate students</term>
<term>Heredity</term>
<term>Hermann becks</term>
<term>Hist chicago</term>
<term>Intellectual heritage</term>
<term>Isaac schour</term>
<term>Janich</term>
<term>Julia meyer</term>
<term>Keen interest</term>
<term>Kulturalistische wende</term>
<term>Lake michigan</term>
<term>Lower molars</term>
<term>Masticatory apparatus</term>
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<term>Mechanical surgery</term>
<term>Mesial</term>
<term>Model system</term>
<term>Model systems</term>
<term>Modern counterpart</term>
<term>Molar</term>
<term>Molar model</term>
<term>Molar model system</term>
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<term>Occlusal surfaces</term>
<term>Occlusion</term>
<term>Oral biologists</term>
<term>Oral biology</term>
<term>Oral cavity</term>
<term>Oral deformities</term>
<term>Orthod</term>
<term>Orthodontic tooth movement</term>
<term>Orthogenesis</term>
<term>Otto aichel</term>
<term>Paul kammerer</term>
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<term>Periodontal ligament</term>
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<term>Philosophy figure</term>
<term>Physiological fact</term>
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<term>Tissue regeneration</term>
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<term>Tooth drift</term>
<term>Tooth eruption</term>
<term>Tooth form</term>
<term>Tooth movement</term>
<term>Tooth position</term>
<term>Tooth root</term>
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<term>Unopposed molar model system</term>
<term>Vienna group</term>
<term>Vienna school</term>
<term>Vienna times</term>
<term>Viennese</term>
<term>Viennese emigres</term>
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<term>Wiley periodicals</term>
<term>Young student</term>
<term>Zool series</term>
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<term>Alveolar bone</term>
<term>Alveolar bone formation</term>
<term>American orthodontics</term>
<term>Anatomy tradition</term>
<term>Ancestral phenotype</term>
<term>Angle orthod</term>
<term>Angle orthodontist</term>
<term>Angle school</term>
<term>Axial movement</term>
<term>Bernard schneider</term>
<term>Bioessays</term>
<term>Biological basis</term>
<term>Biological mechanisms</term>
<term>Biological model</term>
<term>Biology</term>
<term>Bone growth</term>
<term>Central role</term>
<term>Century debate</term>
<term>Century science philosophy</term>
<term>Century vienna</term>
<term>Condylar growth</term>
<term>Continuous eruption</term>
<term>Continuous evolution</term>
<term>Continuous tooth eruption</term>
<term>Cultural context</term>
<term>Dent</term>
<term>Dental education</term>
<term>Dental occlusion</term>
<term>Dental schools</term>
<term>Dentition</term>
<term>Determinism</term>
<term>Developmental plasticity</term>
<term>Distal direction</term>
<term>Distal drift</term>
<term>Dtsch mschr</term>
<term>Einige beitra nordisk tandlakare tidskrift</term>
<term>Environmental factors</term>
<term>Environmental influences</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>Evolutionary theory</term>
<term>Experimental studies</term>
<term>First molar</term>
<term>First molars</term>
<term>Functional adaptation</term>
<term>Genetic determinism</term>
<term>Genus doras</term>
<term>Gottlieb</term>
<term>Graduate students</term>
<term>Heredity</term>
<term>Hermann becks</term>
<term>Hist chicago</term>
<term>Intellectual heritage</term>
<term>Isaac schour</term>
<term>Janich</term>
<term>Julia meyer</term>
<term>Keen interest</term>
<term>Kulturalistische wende</term>
<term>Lake michigan</term>
<term>Lower molars</term>
<term>Masticatory apparatus</term>
<term>Mechanical displacement</term>
<term>Mechanical surgery</term>
<term>Mesial</term>
<term>Model system</term>
<term>Model systems</term>
<term>Modern counterpart</term>
<term>Molar</term>
<term>Molar model</term>
<term>Molar model system</term>
<term>Molar teeth</term>
<term>Occlusal</term>
<term>Occlusal surfaces</term>
<term>Occlusion</term>
<term>Oral biologists</term>
<term>Oral biology</term>
<term>Oral cavity</term>
<term>Oral deformities</term>
<term>Orthod</term>
<term>Orthodontic tooth movement</term>
<term>Orthogenesis</term>
<term>Otto aichel</term>
<term>Paul kammerer</term>
<term>Periodontal</term>
<term>Periodontal ligament</term>
<term>Personal communication</term>
<term>Phenotype</term>
<term>Philosophical questions</term>
<term>Philosophy figure</term>
<term>Physiological fact</term>
<term>Root canal treatment</term>
<term>Root cementum</term>
<term>Schneider</term>
<term>Scientific history</term>
<term>Scientific questions</term>
<term>Sicher</term>
<term>Skeletal biology</term>
<term>Skeletal growth</term>
<term>Skeletal system</term>
<term>Skeleton</term>
<term>Talpa europaeus</term>
<term>Teeth drift</term>
<term>Thomas diekwisch</term>
<term>Tissue changes</term>
<term>Tissue regeneration</term>
<term>Tooth</term>
<term>Tooth crown</term>
<term>Tooth drift</term>
<term>Tooth eruption</term>
<term>Tooth form</term>
<term>Tooth movement</term>
<term>Tooth position</term>
<term>Tooth root</term>
<term>Unopposed molar model</term>
<term>Unopposed molar model system</term>
<term>Vienna group</term>
<term>Vienna school</term>
<term>Vienna times</term>
<term>Viennese</term>
<term>Viennese emigres</term>
<term>Weinmann</term>
<term>Wiley periodicals</term>
<term>Young student</term>
<term>Zool series</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The discussion over the roles of genes and environment on the phenotypical specification of organisms has held a central role in science philosophy since the late 19th century and has re‐emerged in today's debate over genetic determinism and developmental plasticity. In fin‐de‐siecle Vienna, this debate coincided with a philosophical debate over empiricism/materialism versus idealism/vitalism. Turn‐of‐the‐century Vienna's highly interdisciplinary environment was also the birthplace for the model system of the un‐opposed molar. The un‐opposed molar system features new tissue formation at the roots of teeth and tooth drift once opposing teeth are lost. The un‐opposed molar model system was revived by a group of Viennese scientists who left Vienna during the Nazi period to address Vienna's questions about evolution and heredity and about genes and environment in Chicago's post‐WWII scientific exile community. Here we are using the colorful history of the un‐opposed molar to investigate the role of culture and method in the scientific evolution of a model system. BioEssays 29:819–830, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</div>
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